Amniocentesis

What is amniocentesis?

Amniocentesis is a prenatal test that takes a sample of the fluid surrounding the fetus. A thin needle is guided by ultrasound and inserted through the abdomen to remove a small amount of amniotic fluid for testing. The fluid is sent to a lab for tests, which can show if a baby is likely to have birth defects.

Who should get an amniocentesis test?

Amniocentesis is usually done for women whose babies have a risk of certain genetic diseases. Women who have an amniocentesis may have:

• An inherited risk or family history of certain birth defects;
• Have a child already with birth defects;
• Have had past problems in pregnancy;
• Have an abnormal ultrasound and need further testing.

Amniocentesis can be used to detect the following conditions:

• Down syndrome
• Sickle cell disease
• Cystic fibrosis
• Muscular dystrophy
• Tay-Sachs disease

Amniocentesis also is done to tell if the baby’s lungs are mature enough for birth. It also may be done to diagnose a fetal infection.

What are the risks of an amniocentesis test?

Amniocentesis is not for everyone. Talk with your health care provider. Amniocentesis carries some risks that include:

• Leaking amniotic fluid
• Miscarriage
• Needle injury to the fetus
• Infection
• RH sensitivity, leading to damage to the baby’s red blood cells

The decision to have amniocentesis is up to the patient. Your doctor and a genetic counselor can provide guidance and helpful information.